Tax + ETS stack: offshore oil & gas pays both — among the world's highest effective prices.
Carbon tax ≈€100/t (2025, World Bank State & Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 / ICAP 2025) + EU ETS membership via EEA.
At the EU ETS price of €80.01/t, this CO2 corresponds to an indicative carbon value of:
| Facility | Sector | t CO2/yr (est. 2023) | Gross value (full) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sunndalsora aluminium plant | 865,096 | €65.2M | |
| Noretyl AS, Rafnes, Bamble | 848,245 | €63.9M | |
| Yara Porsgrunn | 630,300 | €47.5M | |
| Karmoy aluminium plant | 583,940 | €44.0M | |
| Aardal aluminium plant | 441,199 | €33.2M |
Gross value = all tracked CO2 × the carbon price; it is a ranking aid, not a liability. Emissions: Climate TRACE satellite estimates (2023) — indicative, not verified declarations. CBAM falls only on emissions embedded in EU-bound exports, at the phased-in share (2.5% in 2026 → 100% by 2034). More: IndustryAtlas.
Cut the bill at the source: heat-loss elimination via removable insulation typically saves 2–5% of fuel-related CO2 with <2-year payback — run the savings study or read the industrial insulation guide.
