Coal power + steel: among the highest ETS exposure per unit of GDP.
No national carbon tax — EU ETS only.
At the EU ETS price of €80.01/t, this CO2 corresponds to an indicative carbon value of:
| Facility | Sector | t CO2/yr (est. 2023) | Gross value (full) |
|---|---|---|---|
| GFG Liberty Ostrava steel plant | 2,133,274 | €160.8M | |
| TZMS Třinecké železárny Trinec steel plant | 2,045,714 | €154.2M | |
| Unipetrol, Litvinov | 650,452 | €49.0M | |
| Mokra Cement Plant | 559,809 | €42.2M | |
| Prachovice Cement Plant | 460,660 | €34.7M |
Gross value = all tracked CO2 × the carbon price; it is a ranking aid, not a liability. Emissions: Climate TRACE satellite estimates (2023) — indicative, not verified declarations. CBAM falls only on emissions embedded in EU-bound exports, at the phased-in share (2.5% in 2026 → 100% by 2034). More: IndustryAtlas.
Cut the bill at the source: heat-loss elimination via removable insulation typically saves 2–5% of fuel-related CO2 with <2-year payback — run the savings study or read the industrial insulation guide.
Share of industrial emissions EU plants must PAY for (free allocation phased out). Source: Regulation (EU) 2023/956.