From an insulation survey (we run them free for qualifying industrial sites) or the free heat-loss calculator at inzonex.co.uk/calc — both use the same ASTM C680 method.
From our guide: Carbon Savings Certificate — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets: