2034 — completely. The schedule (Reg. 2023/956): 97.5% free in 2026, 90% in 2028, 51.5% in 2030, 26.5% in 2032, 14% in 2033, 0% in 2034.
From our guide: Carbon Pricing & CBAM — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets: