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Question

How much CO2 does a refinery emit?

Answer

Typically 0.2–0.3 t per tonne of crude processed — a mid-size 10 Mt/yr site emits 2–3 Mt CO2/yr, mostly from fired heaters and hydrogen production.

From our guide: Decarbonizing Oil refining — full context, charts and sources there.

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How this page is built: heat-loss figures follow ASTM C680 / ISO 12241 (the method behind our public calculators); facility emissions from Climate TRACE & EU ETS verified data across 30,000+ industrial sites; the 2026–2034 schedule is Regulation (EU) 2023/956, not a forecast. Published by Inzonex Research. Spotted an error? Tell us — we correct on evidence.
Source: Inzonex Carbon Hub — inzonex.co.uk/carbon · prices dated as shown on each figure · schedule per Regulation (EU) 2023/956 · indicative analytics, not compliance advice.