The CO2e attributed to producing one tonne of a good — direct process emissions plus counted indirect electricity (cement, fertilizers) plus the embedded emissions of precursors — calculated under CBAM's MRV-style rules.
From our guide: Embedded Emissions — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets: