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Question

Is EAF steel low-carbon?

Answer

Direct emissions are ~5× lower than the integrated route (≈0.4 vs 1.9 t/t). Total footprint depends on the grid: an EAF on a clean grid is the lowest-carbon bulk steel available today.

From our guide: Decarbonizing Steel — full context, charts and sources there.

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How this page is built: heat-loss figures follow ASTM C680 / ISO 12241 (the method behind our public calculators); facility emissions from Climate TRACE & EU ETS verified data across 30,000+ industrial sites; the 2026–2034 schedule is Regulation (EU) 2023/956, not a forecast. Published by Inzonex Research. Spotted an error? Tell us — we correct on evidence.
Source: Inzonex Carbon Hub — inzonex.co.uk/carbon · prices dated as shown on each figure · schedule per Regulation (EU) 2023/956 · indicative analytics, not compliance advice.