For process chemistry (cement calcination, some steel and chemicals routes) deep decarbonization needs CCS or fundamentally new processes. For heat-related emissions — the majority in food, brewing, light chemicals — efficiency, heat pumps and electrification can do the job at lower cost.
From our guide: Industrial Decarbonization — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets:
