Good industrial insulation reduces surface temperature to ≤ 45 °C regardless of process temperature — this is the EN 13732 / ISO 13732-1 personnel protection threshold. At 45 °C surface, heat loss drops to roughly 20–30 W/m² vs 600–4,400 W/m² for bare metal at 100–400 °C.
From our guide: How Insulation Reduces Scope 1 Emissions — full context, charts and sources there.
