2,5–5 consoante o salto (temperatura da fonte vs do sumidouro). Abaixo de um COP de ~2,5 face a gás barato, o caso precisa geralmente de um preço de carbono — que é exatamente o que está a chegar.
From our guide: Bombas de calor industriais — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets:
Every tonne you stop emitting is a tonne you don't have to report: cutting heat loss is a measurable, auditable Scope 1 reduction that flows straight into EU ETS, CBAM and your ESG / CSRD disclosures — not an offset, an actual emission cut.