Emissions = production × typical sector intensity (cement 0.70, steel BF-BOF 1.90, EAF 0.40, aluminium 1.60 direct, ammonia 2.00 t CO2/t; gas power 0.37, coal 0.95 t/MWh — IEA/EC benchmark ranges). Cost = emissions × price × payable share. Inside the EU ETS the payable share follows the official free-allocation phase-out; for exporters without a domestic price it follows the CBAM phase-in. Your verified (MRV) emissions give the exact figure.
From our guide: Carbon Price by Country 2026 — full context, charts and sources there.
