Liquefaction burns 8–12% of the gas it ships: compressor drives dominate, with flaring and methane slip as the reputational multipliers. EU methane regulation and buyer carbon-intensity clauses are turning cargo CI into a price differentiator.
| Year | Free allocation (EU) | Payable carbon cost | Annual bill (per 100,000 t LNG) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 97.5% | €0.58 / t LNG | €58,050 |
| 2030 | 51.5% | €11.26 / t LNG | €1,126,170 |
| 2034 | 0.0% | €23.22 / t LNG | €2,322,000 |
At EUA €77.4 (11 Jun 2026) and ≈0.25–0.35 t CO2/t LNG (liquefaction; IGU range). EU ETS industry schedule; exporters under CBAM follow the mirrored phase-in. Power sectors pay 100% from day one.
Indicative reduction potential of each measure against the relevant emissions share (sources: IEA industry roadmaps, sector associations — see each measure page). Measures stack but don't simply add.
Hot-oil loops, regen-gas heaters and utility boilers are LNG's insulatable corner — modest in % but absolute numbers run large on world-scale trains. Gulf and US plants selling into Europe increasingly certify cargo carbon intensity: every saved GJ improves the certificate.
Method: ASTM C680 / ISO 12241 surface energy balance — the same engine as our public calculators. Typical removable-insulation effect across hot-process plants: 2–5% of fuel-related CO2, payback up to 2 years.
Direct-emission intensities, typical published values per industry page — units differ by product; see each page for sources.
