A short answer, followed by the source guide and related questions.
Steam cost in €/t = gas price in €/MWh × 0.77 MWh fuel per tonne (0.679 MWh of enthalpy at 88% boiler efficiency), plus the carbon component where applicable.
This answer is taken from European Steam Cost Index 2025. Use the full guide for scope, assumptions and cited sources.
Use measured surface area, temperature and operating hours to calculate heat loss from boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and pipework. Inzonex supplies removable modular insulation for equipment that requires maintenance access.
Do not add a calculated reduction to an emissions report until the reporting boundary, factor, implementation date and verification method have been approved.