2,5–5 selon le relèvement (température source vs puits). Au-dessous d'un COP ~2,5 contre le gaz bon marché, l'investissement nécessite généralement un prix du carbone — c'est exactement ce qui arrive.
From our guide: Pompes à chaleur industrielles — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets:
Every tonne you stop emitting is a tonne you don't have to report: cutting heat loss is a measurable, auditable Scope 1 reduction that flows straight into EU ETS, CBAM and your ESG / CSRD disclosures — not an offset, an actual emission cut.