Per kWh, EU industrial electricity costs 2–4× gas — direct resistance heating rarely pays. The economics flip with HEAT PUMPS: at COP 3–4 on low-temperature duties, the effective €/MWh-heat competes with gas while cutting Scope 1 to zero. That's why heat pumps, not resistance, lead industrial electrification below ~150 °C.
From our guide: Alternative Fuels for Industrial Heat — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets: