Oil refining in Netherlands: emitters, CO2 & carbon value

5 tracked facilities, ≈12,714,244 t CO2/yr combined — here are the largest, what that CO2 is worth at current prices, and the sector's reduction pathway. Full sector pathway: decarbonizing oil refining.

The numbers

Oil refining in Netherlands at a glance

Metric	Value	Note
Facilities tracked	5	with CO2 estimates
Total est. CO2	12,714,244 t/yr	Climate TRACE 2023
Average per facility	2,542,849 t/yr
Gross value (full price)	€1,017M/yr	all tracked CO2 × €80.01/t EUA — before free allocation / EU-bound share

Carbon pricing here: National industry carbon levy tops up the EU ETS price toward a rising floor (≈€70+/t by 2030, World Bank State & Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 / ICAP 2025). Current benchmark: €80.01/t (July 13, 2026). Full country page: carbon price in Netherlands.

Largest emitters

Top 5 oil refining CO2 emitters in Netherlands

#	Facility	Owner	t CO2/yr (est. 2023)	Indicative value
1	Shell Pernis Refinery	Shell PLC	5,007,588	€400.7M
2	BP Rotterdam Refinery	BP PLC	3,444,274	€275.6M
3	ExxonMobil Botlek Rotterdam Refinery	Exxon Mobil Corp	1,859,980	€148.8M
4	Total Lukoil Zeeland Refinery	LUKOIL PJSC	1,736,412	€138.9M
5	Vitol Processing Rotterdam Refinery	Vitol	665,990	€53.3M

Climate TRACE satellite estimates via IndustryAtlas — modelled, not verified; some entries aggregate clusters. Corrections welcome.

⬇ This table (CSV)🖨 PDF for management

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Same industry, other countries

Oil refining in United States

186,505,868 t CO2/yr

Oil refining in China

128,888,870 t CO2/yr

Oil refining in India

70,283,893 t CO2/yr

Oil refining in Russian Federation

59,137,040 t CO2/yr

Oil refining in South Korea

32,445,787 t CO2/yr

Other industries in Netherlands

Food, beverage & tobacco in Netherlands

1,411,324 t CO2/yr

FAQ

Questions

How many oil refining facilities does Netherlands have with tracked emissions?

5 facilities carry satellite-based CO2 estimates in our dataset (Climate TRACE 2023), totalling ≈12,714,244 t CO2/yr.

What is the largest oil refining emitter in Netherlands?

Shell Pernis Refinery — ≈5,007,588 t CO2/yr (est. 2023). Estimates are modelled, not verified declarations.

What would this CO2 cost at the EU price?

The gross full-price value is ≈€1,017M/yr (all tracked CO2 × €80.01/t EUA). Actual EU ETS cost is lower — free allocation still covers most industrial emissions, phasing out 2026→2034.

How this page is built: heat-loss figures follow ASTM C680 / ISO 12241 (the method behind our public calculators); facility emissions from Climate TRACE & EU ETS verified data across 30,000+ industrial sites; the 2026–2034 schedule is Regulation (EU) 2023/956, not a forecast. Published by Inzonex Research. Spotted an error? Tell us — we correct on evidence.