Industrial ironers hold large hot steam chests centimetres from operators' hands, and tunnel washers hide hot water and steam sections behind guards. Both are opened weekly — access time is the whole game.
Source: measured access-times dataset (live installation, CC BY 4.0).
| Surface state | Heat loss | Reduction |
|---|---|---|
| Bare at 160 °C | 1,400 W/m² | — |
| Covered (50 mm stone wool, surface 32 °C) | 115 W/m² | 92% less |
| Saved on 8 m²-year | 100,283 kWh · €5,014 · 18.4 t CO₂e |
Quick-tier method: ASTM C680 / ISO 12241 1-D, combined outer coefficient h≈10 W/m²·K, 20 °C ambient, €0.05/kWh fuel, 8000 h/yr, 82% efficiency — same engine as the free calculator. Detailed site studies use v=0.5 m/s + explicit radiation and read higher.
Related: Royal Jersey case site · access-hours calculator
Inzonex makes modular removable insulation — engineered covers with snap-button closures, cores tiered by temperature (needle mat / wired mat / silica), surfaces held at ≤45 °C: