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Temperature classes

Insulation by service temperature

Temperature is the first filter — it eliminates most materials before any other property matters. Five classes, each with valid materials and computed losses.

Up to 100 °C
hot water, condensate, LP steam traces
100–250 °C
saturated steam (4–40 bar), thermal oil, most process heat
250–400 °C
HP steam, hot-oil heaters, exhaust lines
400–600 °C
superheated steam, turbine casings, engine exhausts
Above 600 °C
furnaces, kilns, gas-turbine exhausts, catalytic units
FAQ

Questions on this topic

How do I choose insulation by temperature?
Three gates: (1) material service limit must exceed your hot-face temperature with margin; (2) λ at MEAN temperature drives thickness; (3) above ~250 °C surface-temperature compliance (personnel protection, typically ≤45–60 °C) often sets thickness before economics does. Each class page below shows the computed numbers.
What insulation is used for steam pipes?
Saturated steam (100–250 °C): stone or glass wool sections/mats are the default, needle-mat removable covers on every valve and flange. Superheated (250–540 °C): high-density wired mat and silica-mat covers.