Stone-wool wired mat (galvanized or stainless mesh stitched both sides) wrapped on site and clad with metal — the classic boiler and large-pipe lagging.
Large continuous surfaces that stay closed: boiler walls, big pipe runs, ducts, vessels. Site-fabricated, cheap per m2, any shape.
Standard: ASTM C592 / EN 14303; service to ~640 °C with stone wool, higher with AES cores.