INZONEX / THE FOUR FOUND ON SHELL BOILERS
UK · EU
ISO 12241 · EN ISO 13732-1

Boiler safety valve

A boiler safety valve is a spring-loaded valve on the shell that opens by itself when steam pressure reaches the set pressure and reseats when pressure falls back. It holds the vessel below its design pressure with nobody present. The pair on the Cochran we surveyed read 180 °C.

01 TWO VALVES MEASURED02 0.68 M² FROM CAD03 180 °C ON THE CAMERA04 LIFT AND TRAVEL KEPT
€957energy cost saved / yr, at 60 €/MWh fuel
14 MWhheat kept in the boiler, 7,700 h/yr
3.2 tCO₂ avoided / yr, 201.6 kg/MWh
180 °Chottest bare reading · panelled ≤45 °C
01 / TYPES

The four found on shell boilers

Boilers/Cochran/Rear and steam set/Mountings/This page

Dead weight. A weight holds the disc down. Found on older and low-pressure vessels, rarely on a modern package boiler.

Spring loaded. A spring holds the disc down and the set pressure is the spring compression. The ordinary fitting on a shell steam boiler.

High lift. Escaping steam lifts the disc further, so the valve passes more for the same seat diameter.

Improved high lift. A second lifting surface takes the disc further again, which is what lets a smaller valve discharge the full evaporation of the boiler.

The two valves on the machine we surveyed are spring loaded, on a common pad on the shell top.

02 / SETTING

Who sets it and against what

Set pressure comes from the design of the vessel and is recorded on its documentation. Setting and testing is work for a competent person. In the United Kingdom the examination regime around it is the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000, with the written scheme of examination naming the valve as a protective device. The shell boiler standard is BS EN 12953.

We did not set, test or lift the valves on the machine we surveyed. What we measured is the outside of the bodies while the boiler was running.

Where a shell boiler needs a second safety valve is decided by its output and by the standard it was built to. The machine we surveyed carries two. We have not verified the threshold that put them there and we quote none.

03 / THE DIFFERENCE

Safety valve or relief valve

 Safety valvePressure relief valve
MediumCompressible: steam, gasIncompressible: water, oil
OpeningPops fully open at set pressureOpens progressively as pressure rises
PurposeProtects the vessel from overpressureLimits pressure in a liquid circuit
On this machineTwo, on the shell top, 180 °COutside the surveyed views
04 / MEASURED

The pair, both states

ElementTemp °CArea m²Bare WPanelled WSurface °C
Safety valves ×21800.681,9639939
Total0.681,96399≤45

Temperatures are FLIR readings taken on a running boiler. Areas come from the CAD model of the same machine, uplifted for bolts and irregular geometry. Losses are ISO 12241:2022 steady state. The panelled column is capped at the 45 °C touch-safe design target, assessed to EN ISO 13732-1.

05 / PROCEDURE

How a safety valve is tested and set

Testing and setting, in the order it is done

Set pressure comes from the design of the vessel and is recorded on its documentation. The work below is for a competent person under the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000; the valve is named in the written scheme of examination as a protective device, and the shell boiler standard is BS EN 12953.

  1. Read the paperwork first. Set pressure, seat diameter and discharge capacity come from the vessel documentation and the written scheme of examination, not from the valve body.
  2. Confirm the boiler is on line and stable. A routine easing-gear lift is done in service, with the boiler at working pressure and the discharge pipe clear and pointing to a safe place.
  3. Lift by easing gear. Operate the gear, watch that the valve lifts freely and reseats fully, and that nothing in the discharge line moves. A valve that will not lift by hand is a fault, and so is one that will not reseat.
  4. Full set-pressure test where the scheme calls for it. Either in situ, by allowing pressure to rise to the set point under control, or on a test rig with the valve removed. Which of the two is used is set by the written scheme, not by preference.
  5. Adjust only after breaking the seal. The cap is removed, the compression screw turned, and the valve re-sealed and wired. The blowdown ring sets how far pressure must fall before the valve reseats and is adjusted separately from set pressure.
  6. Record and re-seal. Set pressure, reseating pressure, date and the name of the competent person go into the examination record. The seal and wire go back on.

Inzonex did not set, lift or test the valves on the machine surveyed. What we measured is the outside of the two bodies while the boiler was running: 180 °C over 0.68 m², 1,963 W bare. A removable module leaves the easing gear, the cap and the discharge line clear, so none of the steps above changes once the valve is panelled.

06 / FAQ

Asked about this

What is a boiler safety valve?

A spring-loaded valve on the shell that opens by itself at set pressure and reseats when pressure falls, holding the vessel below its design pressure.

What are the types of boiler safety valve?

Dead weight, spring loaded, high lift and improved high lift. The two on the machine we surveyed are spring loaded.

Who sets a boiler safety valve?

A competent person, to the set pressure recorded for the vessel. In the UK the examination regime is the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 and the shell boiler standard is BS EN 12953.

Why are there two safety valves on a boiler?

The machine we surveyed carries two on a common pad. Whether a second is required depends on the output of the boiler and the standard it was built to; we have not verified the threshold and quote none.

What is the difference between a safety valve and a pressure relief valve?

A safety valve works on steam or gas and pops fully open at set pressure. A pressure relief valve works on liquid and opens progressively as pressure rises.

How much heat does a bare safety valve lose?

The pair we surveyed lose 1,963 W over 0.68 m² at 180 °C. Panelled they shed 99 W with the outside at 39 °C, and both keep their lift.

07 / WHERE THIS SITS

Up and across

08 / EVIDENCE

Where each number comes from

SurveyFLIR S62 Pro, emissivity 0.90, reflected 25 °C, 3 m, full radiometric correction. UK commercial boiler house.
GeometryRebuilt in CAD from the surveyed machine. Area allowances are stated on the page they are used on and are allowances, not measured areas.
CalculationISO 12241 steady state. Heat loss is calculated from the measured surface temperature and the modelled area — it is not metered. Full method, basis and limits.
RegulationThe Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 · HSE L122, Safety of pressure systems · HSE INDG261, Pressure systems
09 / ACROSS THE SECTION

The questions behind the numbers