INZONEX / THE SCHEME, AND WHO WRITES IT
UK · EU
ISO 12241 · EN ISO 13732-1

Boiler inspection and the written scheme

A boiler inspection is an examination of the pressure system by a competent person, carried out to a written scheme of examination. In the United Kingdom the regime is the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000. The scheme names the parts to be examined, the nature of the examination and the interval. Every part it names on a shell boiler is a part that has to be reached.

01 PSSR 200002 WRITTEN SCHEME OF EXAMINATION03 COMPETENT PERSON04 EVERY ITEM FOUND BARE
01 / WHAT IT COVERS

The scheme, and who writes it

Boilers/This page

The written scheme is drawn up by a competent person and it is specific to the system. It names which parts are examined, how, and how often. Nothing about it is generic, and no interval quoted anywhere else applies to a particular boiler.

The user is responsible for having the scheme, for having the examinations done to it, and for keeping the records. The competent person is responsible for the scheme being suitable and for the examination being adequate.

Protective devices are named in the scheme in their own right. On a shell steam boiler that means the safety valve, the water level controls and the pressure limiter, and it is why those fittings are operated far more often than the shell they sit on.

We are not a competent person and we do not carry out examinations. What we did on the machines here is a thermal survey. Intervals, set pressures and the content of any particular scheme come from the documentation for that boiler.

02 / WHAT IS EXAMINED

Item by item, against what we found bare

ExaminedWhy it is openedWhat we measured on it
Manhole and inspection openingsInternal examination of the shell and the water side0.39 m² at 180 °C, 1,126 W
Safety valvesLifted, tested, reset by a competent person0.68 m² at 180 °C, 1,963 W
Main stop and check valvesTravel and glands1.50 m² at 180 °C, 4,331 W
Front door and burnerFurnace and tube ends5.32 m² at 120 °C, 7,973 W
End plate and economiserGas-side cleaning and casing16.63 m² at 126–130 °C, 27,390 W
Blowdown valvesOperated on every blow0.52 m² at 180 °C, 1,501 W

Every row is an opening. On the machines we surveyed every one of them was bare, and that is the pattern: fixed lagging is cut at the first examination and is not refitted afterwards, because refitting it means a lagger on site for one day of work.

03 / COMBINATION

What the examined items cost while bare

The same items, priced at a range of fuel costs. 47.2 kW recovered, 7,700 hours, 90 per cent on the fuel.

40 €/MWh€16,143 / yr50 €/MWh€20,178 / yr60 €/MWh€24,214 / yr70 €/MWh€28,250 / yr80 €/MWh€32,285 / yr100 €/MWh€40,357 / yr47.2 kW recovered, 7,700 h/yr, 90 % on the fuel: 404 MWh of fuel a year.Measured on one Cochran package boiler. Only the price changes between the bars.
Fuel, €/MWhSaved per yearOver ten years
40€16,143€161,426
50€20,178€201,783
60€24,214€242,139
70€28,250€282,496
80€32,285€322,852
100€40,357€403,566

47.2 kW recovered on the machine we surveyed, 7,700 running hours, 90 per cent boiler efficiency on the fuel side: 363 MWh of heat and 404 MWh of fuel a year. Only the price changes down the column. The row at 60 €/MWh is the figure used everywhere else on this site, and the CO₂ that goes with it is 81.4 t a year at 201.6 kg/MWh.

04 / PROCEDURE

Preparing a boiler for examination

Preparing a boiler for examination

The sequence below is the preparation the user carries out so the competent person can examine to the written scheme. The examination itself is their work, not the user’s and not ours.

  1. Take the boiler off line and cool it. Internal examination happens cold. Cooling is done at a controlled rate rather than by dumping the contents.
  2. Isolate and prove the isolation. Steam, feed, blowdown and fuel are isolated and the isolation is proved before anyone opens anything.
  3. Drain and vent. The shell is emptied and the vent opened, so nothing is closed on a vacuum as the last of the steam condenses.
  4. Take the insulation off. Removable modules come off by hand and are set aside whole. Fixed lagging is cut, and that is the moment it stops being refitted.
  5. Open the manhole and inspection openings. Joints are cut out rather than reused. On the machine we surveyed the manhole alone is 0.39 m² of surface at 180 °C.
  6. Clean the water side and the gas side. The competent person examines the metal. Scale and soot left in place are what turns one examination into two visits.
  7. Present the records. The written scheme, the previous report, and the log of safety valve tests, water tests and blowdowns.
  8. Close up and refit the same modules. They go back onto the same geometry. The surfaces that were bare on arrival stay covered afterwards, which is the whole difference between removable and fixed.

Inzonex does not carry out examinations and is not a competent person. Intervals, the content of a scheme and set pressures come from the documentation of that boiler. What we did on these machines is a thermal survey.

05 / FAQ

Asked about this

What is a boiler inspection?

An examination of the pressure system by a competent person, carried out to a written scheme of examination. In the UK the regime is the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000.

What is a written scheme of examination?

A document drawn up by a competent person that names which parts of the system are examined, the nature of the examination and the interval. It is specific to that system.

Who can carry out a boiler examination?

A competent person, as defined under the regulations. The user is responsible for having the examinations carried out to the scheme and for keeping the records.

How long does a boiler inspection take?

It depends on the scheme and on how much has to be opened. We do not carry out examinations and quote no duration.

Does insulation get in the way of an inspection?

Fixed lagging does, and that is why it is cut. Removable modules come off by hand at each opening and go back onto the same geometry afterwards.

Which parts are named as protective devices?

On a shell steam boiler, the safety valve, the water level controls and the pressure limiter. They are examined in their own right and operated far more often than the shell.

06 / WHERE THIS SITS

Up and across

07 / EVIDENCE

Where each number comes from

SurveyFLIR S62 Pro, emissivity 0.90, reflected 25 °C, 3 m, full radiometric correction. UK commercial boiler house.
GeometryRebuilt in CAD from the surveyed machine. Area allowances are stated on the page they are used on and are allowances, not measured areas.
CalculationISO 12241 steady state. Heat loss is calculated from the measured surface temperature and the modelled area — it is not metered. Full method, basis and limits.
RegulationThe Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 · HSE L122, Safety of pressure systems · HSE INDG261, Pressure systems
08 / ACROSS THE SECTION

The questions behind the numbers