PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex — Venezuela
Refinery in Venezuela. Approximate location 11.74293, -70.19478.
RefineryVenezuelaCO₂ estimate (modelled)
PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex is a refinery in Venezuela. Its listed capacity is 955,000 BBL per day. Refineries heat, fractionate and chemically transform crude oil into fuels and petrochemical feedstocks through energy-intensive distillation and cracking — extremely demanding on steam generation and heat recovery. It is operated by Petróleos de Venezuela SA. By capacity it ranks #1 among 3 oil refineries in Venezuela. It emits about 2,923,919 t CO₂e a year from Climate TRACE. That is 17% of the CO₂e from the 19 facilities in Venezuela that have an emissions figure in IndustryAtlas. Its CO₂ per unit of capacity is 64% below the national median for this sector.
Facility data: Climate TRACE v6 (asset-level capacity & CO₂e, CC BY 4.0), id ct-3144168.
Data status
Known source data
Calculated from the dataset
Not available
Source data, measured cross-checks and calculated values are kept separate. No confidence percentage is invented.
Similar facilities by modelled emissions
- Total Normandy Refinery · 2,943,994 t CO₂e/yr · France
- Saras SPA Sarroch Oil Refinery · 2,945,078 t CO₂e/yr · Italy
- Valero Texas City Refinery · 2,896,605 t CO₂e/yr · United States
- Sinopec Qingdao Petrochemical Refinery · 2,982,522 t CO₂e/yr · China
- PetroChina Fushun Petrochemical Refinery · 2,858,250 t CO₂e/yr · China
Same Climate TRACE subsector; closest non-placeholder modelled CO₂e values. Russia and Belarus excluded.
Operating power plants within 50 km
- Refinación Paraguaná RA power station · Coal · 300 MW · 2 km
- Josefa Camejo · Gas · 450 MW · 3 km
- Planta Camejo · Gas · 61 MW · 5 km
- Punto Fijo · Gas · 199 MW · 5 km
PowerAtlas operating assets, ordered by great-circle distance from published coordinates.
In context: how this facility compares
At 955,000 BBL per day, PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex is well above the median refinery in Venezuela (187,000 BBL per day). Subsector: oil-and-gas-refining. As refinery, it requires high process heat (typically 200–600°C) for its core industrial operations, supplied by boilers, furnaces or direct combustion. Refineries heat, fractionate and chemically transform crude oil into fuels and petrochemical feedstocks through energy-intensive distillation and cracking — extremely demanding on steam generation and heat recovery.
Capacity & CO₂-intensity comparison computed from Climate TRACE industrial facilities data; sector role based on engineering reference.
What 2,923,919 t CO₂e a year looks like
This facility's estimated annual CO₂e (Climate TRACE, modelled) in everyday equivalents from the US EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies calculator:
Equivalencies: US EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies. Emissions: Climate TRACE.
Carbon cost and Scope 1 emissions
At its reported 2.9M t CO₂e/yr (Scope 1), PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex carries no domestic carbon price, and its products are not CBAM-covered goods, so there is no border-carbon liability. At the EU ETS reference price (€75/t) the emissions carry an indicative carbon value of €220M/yr.
Carbon price: EU CBAM €75/t · EU ETS €85/t, September 10, 2026, refreshed live via Carbon Hub. CO₂: Climate TRACE. Indicative carbon value, not the cash bill — free allocation applies; not compliance advice.
Capacity vs largest oil refineries in Venezuela
Listed capacity (BBL per day), Climate TRACE v6 (asset-level capacity & CO₂e, CC BY 4.0).
Operator
Operated by Petróleos de Venezuela SA. All facilities by this operator →
Local climate
PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex sits in a hot semi-arid steppe climate zone (Köppen BSh), at 11.7°N in the northern hemisphere.
Köppen zone: Köppen-Geiger world climate classification (Kottek et al. 2006, 0.5° grid).
Site climate & environmental severity
This site sits in an aggressive, high-corrosion environment (estimated ISO 9223 class C5 — Very high), with marine salt corrosion the leading environmental stress.
In this site’s local climate, a bare 150 °C surface sheds about 1218 W/m² to ambient — roughly 0.94× the loss at a 20 °C reference. Reference-surface calculation at a 150 °C surface from WorldClim climate normals (ASTM C680 / ISO 12241) — an indicative per-climate comparison, not a measurement of this site’s specific equipment. Open method dataset: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20787408 (CC BY 4.0).
Indicative estimate via the ISO 9223:2012 informative method (atmospheric corrosivity from temperature, time-of-wetness and airborne salinity), using WorldClim climate normals, the Köppen-Geiger class and coast distance. Indicative, not a measured corrosion rate.
How it compares & nearby sites
The #1 largest of 3 oil refineries in Venezuela by listed capacity (Climate TRACE).
Nearby industrial sites
- Cumarebo Cement Plant · Cement Plant · 620,214 t CO₂
- Isla Oil Refinery · Refinery
Location
Coordinates 11.74293, -70.19478. View on OpenStreetMap.
Frequently asked questions
What type of facility is PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex?
PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex is a refinery in Venezuela. Refineries heat, fractionate and chemically transform crude oil into fuels and petrochemical feedstocks through energy-intensive distillation and cracking — extremely demanding on steam generation and heat recovery.
What capacity is listed for PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex?
The open dataset lists 955,000 BBL per day of capacity for PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex.
How much CO₂ does PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex emit?
The page uses about 2,923,919 t CO₂e/year from the open dataset It ranks #3 among facilities in Venezuela by estimated CO₂.
Where is PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex located?
PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex is in Venezuela at approximately 11.74293, -70.19478.
Who operates PDVSA Paraguana Refinery Complex?
The operator recorded in the open dataset is Petróleos de Venezuela SA.