Which oil refineries emit the most CO₂ in the world?
RPL (Reliance Petroleum Limited) Jamnagar Refinery in India is the world's highest-emitting oil refinery, at about 18.9 million tonnes of CO₂e per year. It is followed by ZPC Zhejiang Rongsheng Refinery (~9.9 Mt) and GS-Caltex Yeosu Refinery (~8.9 Mt). Refineries are among the largest industrial point-sources after steel.
Highest-emitting oil refineries (CO₂e/yr)
Source: Climate TRACE v6 (CC BY 4.0). Modelled estimates.
Where refinery CO₂ comes from
Refineries emit from process heat, hydrogen production and fluid catalytic cracking. The largest, most complex sites — deep-conversion refineries and integrated refining-petrochemical complexes — emit the most. Electrified process heat and clean hydrogen are the long-term abatement routes.
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Frequently asked questions
What is the most polluting oil refinery?
RPL (Reliance Petroleum Limited) Jamnagar Refinery (India) at ~18.9 Mt CO₂e/yr.
How is refinery CO₂ estimated?
Modelled facility-level estimates from Climate TRACE (CC BY 4.0) — directional, not audited stack data.