Multiply fuel burned by its emission factor: natural gas ≈2.03 t CO2 per 1,000 m³ (≈0.184 kg/kWh). A site burning 5 million m³/yr emits ≈10,150 t CO2 Scope 1.
From our guide: Scope 1 Emissions — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets: