Not domestically — Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and Bahrain have no carbon price. But their steel, aluminium and fertilizer exports to the EU pay CBAM at the EU price on a rising share of embedded emissions: 2.5% in 2026 → 100% in 2034.
From our guide: Carbon Price by Country 2026 — full context, charts and sources there.
Boilers, kilns, heat exchangers, valves and steam lines lose energy continuously. Inzonex makes patented (UK GB2508992.1) removable modular insulation — snap-fastened covers engineered per temperature tier, not generic off-the-shelf jackets: